Latest coverage for SQL

SQL is the language commonly used to query and modify relational databases, which store structured application data such as accounts, transactions, and records. In information security, SQL matters both as a core data-access technology and through vulnerabilities in the applications, database engines, and administration interfaces that use it.

SQL injection occurs when an application combines untrusted input with SQL commands, allowing an attacker—depending on the flaw and database permissions—to read, alter, or delete data or bypass application controls. Developers should use parameterized queries or prepared statements, avoid building commands through string concatenation, and apply least-privilege database accounts. Security teams should also track database and driver vulnerabilities, restrict administrative access, protect credentials, and monitor query and authentication logs. Input validation can supplement these controls but is not a reliable substitute for separating data from executable SQL.