Privacy is the ability of people to control how information about them is collected, used, retained, and disclosed. In technical and legal contexts, it covers identifiable data and data that can support inferences about a person, not only information made public. Privacy rules and organizational policies commonly address purpose, transparency, access, correction, retention, and sharing.
For security practitioners, privacy depends on reducing unnecessary data and restricting legitimate access: data minimization, encryption, least-privilege controls, segregation of identifiers, retention limits, and audit logs all reduce exposure. Compromised credentials, misconfigured storage, excessive telemetry, or third-party access can reveal sensitive information; pseudonymized datasets may also be re-identified when combined with other data. During an incident, teams must establish what personal data was accessed or disclosed, contain further exposure, preserve evidence, and meet applicable notification and handling requirements.